Within these studies, measures indicative of rapid childhood growth were more consistently associated with earlier pubertal timing than were measures of psychosocial stress. Twenty studies met selection criteria for critical review following independent screening of titles, abstracts, and manuscripts. To assess the extent to which such confounding has been considered, we conducted a systematized review to identify studies examining measures of both prepubertal growth (e.g., weight, height) and psychosocial stressors (e.g., adversity, father absence) in relation to female pubertal timing.Ī total of 1069 non-duplicated studies were identified across five databases. However, studies demonstrating this association often do not elucidate causal mechanisms, nor account for greater childhood energetic availability-also known to promote rapid growth and earlier puberty. These checklists ( Table 2, adapted from Hazan and Shaver 1987) contain words that might be used to describe personalities and relationships, and partici- pants were asked to choose all that applied until the time they were "up to about 10 years old." Depending on the words they selected, participants were scored as hav- ing "positive," "negative," or "mixed" attitudes or feelings about the relevant parent or relationship.Ĭhildhood psychosocial stressors have been proposed to favour fast life history strategies promoting earlier puberty in females. assessed exposure to early stress in eight ways: (1) reports of violence be- tween parents while each participant was "a child, up to about 10 years old" (yes/ no) (2) parental divorce or separation or having "no father or father figure" while participants were "up to about 10 years old" (yes/no divorce/separation and "no father or father- figure" were combined in order to explore for possible father-absence effects) and (3-7) adjective checklists describing participants' relationship with mother, mother's personality, participants' relationship with father, father's person- ality, and parents' relationship with each other until the participant was up to about age ten. Register for the Daily Good Word E-Mail! - You can get our daily Good Word sent directly to you via e-mail in either HTML or Text format. Apparently, translators before the time of King James misassociated this passage with Satan, whom they named "Light-Bearer", Luci-fer, from luc- "light" + fer "bearer", a word the Romans also assigned the Morning Star. Why? A mistranslation of Isaiah 14:12: "How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning!" The original Hebrew refers to a fallen Babylonian King Helal, son of Shahar, whose name mean "day star, son of the dawn". The Latin word for "light" is lux (luc-s), which we find, rather surprisingly, in the name Lucifer, the "light bearer". Lucere descends from PIE leuk- "shine, bright", which became leoht in Old English today it is light. Word History: This word is based on Latin elucidatus, the past participle of elucidare "to enlighten", comprising the intensifier prefix ex- "out (of)" + lucidus "bright", itself derived from the verb lucere "to shine".
In Play: Today's word offers relief to the heavily overworked clarify and clear up in situations like this: "Thank you very much, sir, but could you elucidate the term 'salary-neutral transmotion'?" Elucidation does usually imply an elaborate clarification: "After I elucidated the process several minutes for him, Klinck finally grasped the fact that he could not ski up the hill, but had to ride the ski lift." Notes: The noun from today's word is elucidation, the adjective elucidative, and the one who elucidates is an elucidator-forms for all contexts in which you might want to use this word. Meaning: Make lucid, make clear, clarify.
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